What is a cable?

A cable is an essential component in electrical and electronic systems, serving as a medium for transmitting electricity or signals from one location to another. This document provides a concise overview of the structure, functions, and classification of cables.

Cables are typically constructed from multiple thin conductive wires, each insulated with a protective outer sheath. Depending on their application, cables can be categorized into several types:

- Power cables: Used to transmit electrical energy from power generation sources to residential, commercial, and industrial facilities, enabling the operation of lighting, refrigeration, air conditioning, and other electrical appliances.

- Communication cables: Designed to carry data, audio, and video signals, supporting telecommunications, internet connectivity, and fiber-optic transmission systems.

- Control cables: Employed in automation and instrumentation systems to transmit control signals for operating machinery, equipment, and monitoring devices.

- Radio frequency (RF) cables: Facilitate the transmission of high-frequency signals used in wireless communication, broadcasting, and surveillance applications.

In general, a cable functions as a conduit for electrical power or signal transfer between two points.

Cables may be further classified based on the following criteria:

- Conductor material: copper-core or aluminum-core  

- Application type: power, control, communication, or specialized cables  

- Insulation material: rubber, oil-impregnated paper, or plastic  

- Number of conductors: single-core, double-core, three-core, or multi-core  

It is important to note that while a cable consists of one or more conductive wires enclosed within insulation and protective layers, the term "cable" should not be applied to an individual wire in isolation. Each internal conductor alone does not constitute a complete cable.