Why 50 Hz frequency is used in electrical power systems?

The 50 Hz frequency is used in electrical power systems due to a combination of historical and technical reasons, including a compromise between motor efficiency and transmission loss, and suitability for steam turbine generators. A 50 Hz system allows for lower core losses in transformers and a longer lifespan for electrical equipment compared to 60 Hz systems.

Technical and efficiency reasons

• Reduced core losses:

At 50 Hz, transformers and other magnetic equipment have lower core losses compared to 60 Hz systems, which leads to greater efficiency and less heat generation.

• Longer equipment life: 

The lower frequency can reduce stress on electrical equipment, leading to a longer service life.

• Efficient motors: 

Motors designed for 50 Hz systems can be more efficient than those designed for 60 Hz systems, requiring less energy to produce the same amount of power.

• Long-distance transmission: 

50 Hz systems are better for long-distance power transmission due to lower line losses.

• Corona losses: 

A 50 Hz system has lower corona losses compared to a 60 Hz system, which is the energy loss that occurs due to a hissing sound and violet glow around high-voltage conductors.